judicial decision; judgement; judgment; sentence; decree
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to announce; to tell; to sentence; to order
the text; the main clause; the main part of a document
accused; defendant; prisoner at the bar
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
innocence; being not guilty
good; excellent; fine; nice; pleasant; agreeable
sky; heaven; God; svarga (heaven-like realm visited as a stage of death and rebirth); deva (divine being of Buddhism); top (of a book); sole (of a Japanese sandal)
phew; whew; huff; whoo; wohoo
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
woman; female; feminine gender
to state; to express; to mention
Heisei era (1989.1.8-2019.4.30)
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
March; third month of the lunar calendar
fourteenth day of the month; fourteen days
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
examination; investigation; prosecution
seeming ...; appearing ...; -ish; like a ...; typical of ...
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
network; Internet; net (hair, netball, etc.); net (price, weight, etc.); nett
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to rise; to go up; to enter (esp. from outdoors); to come in; to enter (a school); to advance to the next grade; to get out (of water)
(not) particularly; (not) especially; (not) specially; separately; apart; additionally
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
event; affair; incident; case; plot; trouble
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
unrelated; irrelevant; unconcerned; unconnected
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
employee (of a store); shop assistant; clerk; salesperson