indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
mitsuba (Cryptotaenia japonica); Japanese honewort; Japanese honeywort; three-leaved; trefoil
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
mysterious power of words to alter reality
soul; spirit; departed soul; ghost
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
language; dialect; word; phrase; speech; (manner of) speaking
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
apartment building; apartment block; apartment house; apartment
administrator; janitor; manager; custodian; executor
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
woman; female; feminine gender
door (Western-style, car, etc.)
suffix for room numbers; suffix for apartment numbers
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed