Japanese grosbeak (Eophona personata)
the return of the land and people from the feudal lords to the Emperor
canal; drainage; hydrophobic
person bringing their dog along (for something); person walking their dog
second grade of the third rank of honor (honour)
Iwakura Tomomi (1825-1883)
knowledge applied to evil purposes
great; grand; (arch.) obstinate; (arch.) stubborn
Emperor Meiji (1852-1912, reigned 1867-1912); Emperor Mutsuhito
visit (to a religious site, e.g. shrine, temple, grave)
to become clear (water, air, etc.); to become transparent; to resonate clearly (e.g. voice); to become serene; to become tranquil; to pronounce as an unvoiced sound
nishiki-e; multi-colour woodblock print
name of an imperial era (e.g. Heisei, Shōwa); Japanese era name
dismantling a (historic) building and reconstructing it elsewhere
origin; beginning; genesis; primeval; primordial; primitive
farm work; field labour; field labor
result; consequence; coming to fruition; bearing fruit; as a result; consequently
civilization and enlightenment; Japan's Westernization movement during the Meiji era (Westernisation)
member of one's in-group (e.g. family member, colleague)
patriotic concern for the future of one's country
various fiefdoms; various domains
(festivity) page; baby; child; (arch.) boys kept by pederasts
sorry; excuse me; thank you
surprise attack; sneak attack; foul play
wooden figure; wooden doll; puppet; blockhead; good-for-nothing; fool
to put on a bold front; to act big; to be unyielding; to act formally; to act stiffly
misgovernment; misrule; bad government
house to house; door to door
Ministry of War (Tang-dynasty China)
laying (a railroad, pipes, naval mines, etc.); construction