face; mask; face guard; (in kendo) striking the head; surface (esp. a geometrical surface); page; aspect
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to raise; to elevate; to do up (one's hair); to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to land (a boat); to show someone (into a room)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
all present; all concerned; all of us
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to convey; to report; to transmit; to communicate; to tell; to impart
to put; to place; to leave (behind); to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up; to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire
other; another; over; more than; I; me
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
emperor; ruler (with a heavenly mandate); heavenly being; celestial being
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
public matter; governmental matter; prince; duke; lord; sir
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to look after; to take care of; to be put in charge of; to be given responsibility for; to withhold (an announcement); to reserve (judgment)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
give up; relinquish; serve up; let loose
to desire; to wish; to beg; to request; to have something done for oneself
to offer; to present; to set someone up in a high position; to revere at a distance; to do respectfully
opinion; intention; thought
Tosa (former province located in present-day Kochi Prefecture)
to accept; to receive; to agree
restoration of imperial rule
to take off; to jump; to take the plunge; to decide; to step out of the ring
emperor; shogun; honored person (honoured); (another person's) wife
how (beautiful, etc.); what a ...; nothing worth mentioning; nothing special; of what name
one's own convenience; one's way; surroundings; environment; convenience; ease of use; financial circumstances
to build up; to establish; to form; to become (a state); to accomplish; to achieve; to change into
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
so; like that; that's right; indeed; let me see...
at once; immediately; right now
desire; wish; request; entreaty; prayer; (written) application
to withdraw; to abandon (e.g. a lawsuit)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
another time; again; over again; formally; especially; intentionally
request; favour (to ask); wish; please
to be troubled; to have difficulty; to be bothered; to be inconvenienced; to be badly off; to be hard up