indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to join hands together; to join forces; to collaborate
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
katsura (Cercidiphyllum japonicum); Japanese Judas tree
thief; robber; burglar; rebel; insurgent; traitor
et cetera; etc.; and the like; and so forth
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
one; 1; best; first; foremost; beginning; start
possession; ownership; Tibet; Tibetan people
to chase; to run after; to follow (a set order, a trend, etc.); to drive out; to get rid of; to drive (e.g. a herd)
I don't like it; I hate it
bang; bam; noontime signal gun (carried out early Meiji to Taishō); noon gun; last round in a game of 12 rounds; precisely
overthrow of the shogunate
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
implementation (e.g. of a system); materialization; materialisation; realization; realisation; actualization
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
hostility; antagonism; opposition
to join hands; to join forces; to work in cooperation; to link up; to partner with
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
noisy; loud; much talked of; much-discussed; strict; severe
come; come now; well; who knows; well now; let's see
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to come
large; big; great; prominent; -sized; as big as; university
tuft (of hair, threads, etc.); fringe; bunch (of grapes, bananas, etc.); cluster (of flowers); segment (of a tangerine, etc.); section
babysitting; babysitter; protecting; keeping; keeper
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
win; victory; beautiful scenery; scenic spot; counter for wins
honorific/polite/humble prefix