just now; a moment ago; this very minute
chance (of success); odds
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to come
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
enemy of the emperor; rebel against the imperial government
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
battle formation; camp; encampment; group; gang; war
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
to board; to embark on; to get into (a car); to march into; to enter
war; battle; campaign; (arch.) troops; (arch.) forces
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
dispute; strife; quarrel; dissension; conflict; rivalry
to dedicate; to make an offering; to supply; to store; to finish; to bring to a close; to restore (something to its place)
as one would expect; just as you'd expect (from); still; all the same; even ... (e.g. "even a genius")
older brother; elder brother
come; come now; well; who knows; well now; let's see
alone; by oneself; on one's own
to throw down; to bring down; to kill; to defeat; to overthrow; to trip up
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
talent; gift; function; noh (theatre)
all present; all concerned; all of us
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
to permit; to allow; to forgive; to pardon; to exempt (someone) from; to remit; to acknowledge
to commit seppuku; to commit harakiri; to take responsibility (and resign); (arch.) to laugh until one splits one's side
thorough; exhaustive; complete
to strike; to clap; to play drums; to abuse; to bash; to consult; to sound out
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
to rouse anger; to provoke wrath; to offend
finally; at last; in the end; after all; never (happened)
separation; farewell; parting
to arrive at (e.g. a decision); to reach (a stage); to lead to (a place); to get to; in the extreme case of; (arch.) to come
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
style; manner; way; after (period of time) again (e.g. meeting again after a year); for the first time in (period of time)
Satsuma (former province located in the west of present-day Kagoshima Prefecture); sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas)
Hamaguri Rebellion (1864); Kinmon incident
conquest; subjugation; overcoming; chastisement; punishment; punitive expedition