woven mat (of sedge, hay, etc.)
precisely; exactly; plumb; damn; stupid; cursed
come; come now; well; who knows; well now; let's see
virtue; benevolence; profit; benefit
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
island; one's territory (e.g. of a sex worker, organized crime gang); one's turf
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to drain; to pour; to wash away; to distribute (e.g. electricity over wires, music over a PA system, etc.); to circulate; to cruise (e.g. taxi); to float
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
Satsuma (former province located in the west of present-day Kagoshima Prefecture); sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas)
to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound
face; mask; face guard; (in kendo) striking the head; surface (esp. a geometrical surface); page; aspect
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to raise; to elevate; to do up (one's hair); to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to land (a boat); to show someone (into a room)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
point; tip; head (of a line); front; first; before; (the way) ahead
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
Amamiooshima (island approximately 215 kilometers NE of Okinawa)
to add; to add up; to increase; to gather (e.g. speed); to include; to count in
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
about; roughly; generally; on the whole; completely; quite
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
(way of) life; living; livelihood; life circumstances
father (esp. used in samurai families prior to the Meiji period)
you (when referring to one's equals or inferiors)
to stop; to stay (e.g. the night); to contain; to keep (in position, in place); to record (e.g. a fact); to retain
to put; to place; to leave (behind); to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up; to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire
tough; hard; determined; strong-minded; strong (e.g. sunlight, alcohol); severe
to say; to be called; to do
imperial capital (esp. Kyoto); final word of an iroha poem; 10^16; 10,000,000,000,000,000
to ascend; to go up; to ascend (as a natural process, e.g. the Sun); to rise; to go to (the capital); to be promoted; to add up to
ornament; decoration; figurehead; leader without real power
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
one; 1; best; first; foremost; beginning; start
possession; ownership; Tibet; Tibetan people