indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
come; come now; well; who knows; well now; let's see
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
Satsuma (former province located in the west of present-day Kagoshima Prefecture); sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas)
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
honorific/polite/humble prefix
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
to chase; to run after; to follow (a set order, a trend, etc.); to drive out; to get rid of; to drive (e.g. a herd)
knack; skill; bone; skeleton; cremated remains (esp. the bones); ashes
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
precisely; exactly; plumb; damn; stupid; cursed
exemplar; model; example; pattern
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
to run along; to run beside; to follow (a policy, plan, etc.); to act in accordance with; to meet (wishes, expectations, etc.); to satisfy
being full; (counting) completed years (e.g. when calculating age); full (years, months, etc.); Manchuria
congratulations; felicitations; best wishes; longevity; long life
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
father of one's country; father of the nation
all present; all concerned; all of us
to chip (off); to shave (off); to slice (off); to dampen (e.g. enthusiasm); to discourage; to weaken
person who is ...; thing that is ...
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
to stop (an activity); to cease; to discontinue; to cancel; to abandon; to give up
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work