thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
to face; to go towards; to head towards
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
Edo (shogunate capital, now Tokyo); Yedo
imperial capital (esp. Kyoto); final word of an iroha poem; 10^16; 10,000,000,000,000,000
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
dissatisfaction; discontent; displeasure; complaint; unhappiness
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hold in one's arms (e.g. a baby); to embrace; to hug; to have (a thought or feeling); to hold; to harbour (suspicion, doubt, etc.)
many; numerous; large amount of; large quantity of; frequent; common
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
thought; imagination; mind; desire; wish; love
to collect; to assemble; to gather
to approach; to draw near; to be imminent; to press (someone for something); to urge; to compel
war; battle; campaign; (arch.) troops; (arch.) forces
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
to change; to alter; to reform; to correct; to examine; to check
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
preparation; arrangements
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
immediately; right away; at once; instantly
to follow; to pursue; to die right after a loved one; to kill oneself after the death of a loved one; to follow an example set by earlier generations (or one's master, etc.)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
to arrive at; to reach; to sit on; to sit at (e.g. the table)
to go out to meet; to receive; to welcome; to accept (e.g. as a member of a group or family); to call for; to summon
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
preparation; arrangements; getting ready; provision; setup; reserving
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to advance; to move forward; to carry forward (plans, work, etc.); to proceed with; to raise; to elevate
all present; all concerned; all of us