indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
suffix for familiar person
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
he; she; that person; (arch.) you
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
happiness; good fortune; luck; blessing
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
like; as; so that; in order that; be sure to; I hope (that)
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to forget; to leave carelessly; to be forgetful of; to forget about; to forget (an article)
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to roll up; to enfold; to swallow up; to involve; to drag into
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
already; yet; soon; shortly; further; more
difficult; hard; impossible; unfeasible; fussy; particular; gloomy
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
than; rather than; instead of; from; out of; except
that child; that kid; that boy; (arch.) you
to believe; to believe in; to place trust in; to confide in; to have faith in
(United States of) America; United States; US; America (land mass); the Americas
(the) positive; yang (in Chinese divination); the open; visible place
flower; blossom; cherry blossom; beauty; blooming (esp. of cherry blossoms); ikebana; hanafuda
adultery; impropriety; (an) affair; immorality
prohibition; interdiction; forbidden; prohibited
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
large; big; great; prominent; -sized; as big as; university
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
about when; about what time; how soon
to end; to come to an end; to finish; to complete; to finish doing; to be past its (one's) prime