indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
suffix for familiar person
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
he; she; that person; (arch.) you
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
happiness; good fortune; luck; blessing
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to forget; to leave carelessly; to be forgetful of; to forget about; to forget (an article)
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to roll up; to enfold; to swallow up; to involve; to drag into
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
difficult; hard; impossible; unfeasible; fussy; particular; gloomy
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
than; from; out of; except; but; more
that child; that kid; that boy; (arch.) you
to believe; to believe in; to place trust in; to confide in; to have faith in
(United States of) America; United States; US; America (land mass); the Americas
(the) positive; yang (in Chinese divination); the open; visible place
flower; blossom; cherry blossom; beauty; blooming (esp. of cherry blossoms); ikebana; hanafuda
adultery; immorality; impropriety; (an) affair
prohibition; interdiction; forbidden; prohibited
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
large; big; great; prominent; -sized; as big as; university
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
about when; about what time; how soon
to end; to come to an end; to close; to finish