indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
colour; color; complexion; skin colour; look (on one's face); expression; appearance
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
counter for leaves, pieces of paper, etc.; (arch.) counter for boats
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
in that way; thus; so; so?
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
Mr; Mrs; clan; he; him; counter for people
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
mountain; hill; mine (e.g. coal mine); heap; pile; crown (of a hat); thread (of a screw)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
continuously in some state (for a long time, distance); throughout; much (better, etc.); by far; far away; long ago
I'm sorry; my apologies; may I come in?; permission; leave; dismissal
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...
blue; azure; green; green light (traffic); black (horse coat color); blue 5-point card; immature