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Tsuda College

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Houfutenmanguu

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cut; notch; raid; attack

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Houfu (city)

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percentage of school attendance

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Houfu

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rail transport (transportation, transit); transport by rail

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Tomioka

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Sagano

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second marriage

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spinning mill; filature; thread-manufacturing plant; silk mill

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Tsurunosuke

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the sun

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right under; directly below

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noble's private quarters

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spinning; silk reeling; filature

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the three realms of existence; the whole universe (of a billion worlds) that Buddha enlightened; past, present and future existences; far-off ...; distant ...

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Emperor Meiji (1852-1912, reigned 1867-1912); Emperor Mutsuhito

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weeping for joy; crying with happiness

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modern state; modern nation

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sincerity; devotion

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to be; to exist

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to provide with funds; to fund; to advance some capital; to furnish with funds

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citizen of a prefecture; prefectural citizen

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civilization and enlightenment; Japan's Westernization movement during the Meiji era (Westernisation)

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prime minister (as the head of a cabinet government); premier

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(a) stop (e.g. in a timber joint, or at the end of a kanji stroke); remaining (e.g. poste-restante); forty-five degree angle

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to be lost (e.g. luggage); to be missing; to be used up; to be run out; to disappear (e.g. pain); to be lost (e.g. a dream, confidence)

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beginning; start; first (in line, etc.); origin; such as ...; not to mention ...

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to bear fruit; to produce a crop

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the whole town; all over the town; throughout the town

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small private school (esp. for cramming); private school (in the Edo period, orig. run by Confucianists)

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Yamaguchi prefecture (Chūgoku area)

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precipitous

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prefectural office

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don't be absurd; that's out of the question; nonsense; don't mention it

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summer

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exact; precise

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abacus; soroban; calculation (esp. of profit and loss); reckoning

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nothing to sneeze at; pretty impressive

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laying (a railroad, pipes, naval mines, etc.); construction

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funnel

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Emishi; historical term for non-Yamato peoples in northern Japan; Yezo (northern part of Meiji-era Japan, esp. Hokkaido, but also Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands)

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pressure; encouragement; urging; promoting

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and yet; despite this; but even so; but even then; however; nevertheless

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peerage (in Japan; 1868-1946); nobility; aristocracy

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to prosper; to flourish; to thrive; to become popular; to become widespread

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to take up one's residence

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aim; goal; prospect; outlook

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too; also; still; as before; even so; either way

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