congratulations; felicitations; best wishes; longevity; long life
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
happiness; good fortune; luck; blessing
consequence; outcome; result; blame; fault
surely; undoubtedly; sternly; severely; having no slack; rigid
to watch over; to keep watch over; to keep an eye on; to watch intently; to stare; to gaze
to give; to confer; to bestow; to kindly do for one; to oblige; to favour
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
to learn; to study; to take lessons in
woman; female; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
cry (e.g. of a baby); sob; whine; tearful voice; weepy voice
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
wife; garnish (esp. one served with sashimi); trimmings; accompaniment; side (remark)
to go out to meet; to receive; to call for; to summon; to accept (e.g. as a member of a group or family); to take (e.g. a wife)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
I; me; oneself; (arch.) you
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
friend; companion; comrade; accompaniment; companion (e.g. book); complement
to stop; to turn off; to park; to prevent; to suppress (a cough); to stop (someone from doing something); to dissuade
-ian (e.g. Italian); -ite (e.g. Tokyoite); -er (e.g. performer, etc.); person working with ...; man; person
together with; same; both; all; including ...
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to love; to cherish; to admire; to appreciate
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
to desire; to wish; to beg; to request; to have something done for oneself