to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
adds force or indicates command
expel the barbarians; expulsion of the foreigners; late Edo period (19th century) revolutionary slogan
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to put up (a notice, sign, etc.); to hang out (e.g. a banner); to hold up high; to raise overhead; to tout (a principle, plan, etc.); to herald; to publish
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
confrontation; opposition; antagonism
head; chief; merit; strong point; superiority; major
state (US, Australia, India, Germany, etc.); province (e.g. Canada); continent; (arch.) dear
feudal domain (Edo and early Meiji periods, precursor to current prefectures); fiefdom; province
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
imperial capital (esp. Kyoto); final word of an iroha poem; 10^16; 10,000,000,000,000,000
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
battle; fight; war; struggle; conflict
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be defeated; to be beaten; to be unsuccessful; to lose
to go; to come; to be defeated; to collapse; to be annoyed; to be nonplussed
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
to order; to command; to appoint
imperial decree; imperial edict
to make a decision; to draw a conclusion; to give a judgement; to hand down a verdict; to let go down; to lower; to do oneself
same; identical; equal; anyway; anyhow; in either case
(approximate) time; around; suitable time (or condition); time of year; season
by means of; due to; because of; according to
ship; boat; tank; tub; counter for boat-shaped containers (e.g. of sashimi)
attack; assault; raid; criticism; censure; denunciation
retaliation; revenge; reprisal; retorsion; retortion
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
commencing with; including
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
under (guidance, supervision, rules, the law, etc.); under (a flag, the sun, etc.); beneath; with (e.g. one blow); on (the promise, condition, assumption, etc. that ...); (somebody's) side
barrier; gate; seki (in go); mutual life
start; commencement; beginning; initiation
bombarding; shelling; bombardment
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
to shoot (at); to attack; to defeat; to destroy
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
sentence; composition; text; the literary arts (as opposed to the military arts); academia; statement
request; favour (to ask); wish; please