to shoot (at); to attack; to defeat; to destroy
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
order (esp. to a number of people); command; ritual of bowing at start and end of school class
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
battle; fight; war; struggle; conflict
armed might; military power; the sword; force
difference; variation; difference
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to make a display of; to show off; to flaunt
head; chief; merit; strong point; superiority; major
state (US, Australia, India, Germany, etc.); province (e.g. Canada); continent; (arch.) dear
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
devastating; catastrophic; crushing
blow; shock; strike; batting
to receive; to get; to catch (e.g. a ball); to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.); to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to undergo (e.g. surgery)
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to lose; to be defeated; to succumb; to give in; to be inferior to; to break out in a rash due to (e.g. lacquer, shaving, etc.)
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
completely; thoroughly; horribly; without exception; until there's no untouched (undamaged) part
defeat; lost battle; losing a war
to bear responsibility for; to be liable for; to answer for; to take the blame for
as it is; as one likes; because; condition; state
imperial capital (esp. Kyoto); final word of an iroha poem; 10^16; 10,000,000,000,000,000
to face; to go towards; to head towards
from the standpoint of; as a matter of (e.g. fact); aboard (a ship or vehicle); on top of; first volume (e.g. book); superior quality; best
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
indicates two contrasting actions; (arch.) indicates possessive (often found in place names and compound words)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
congratulations; felicitations; best wishes; longevity; long life
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
(some) more; even more; longer; further
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last