court of law in the Edo period, in which the parties sat on white sand
precinct of a jail; vicinity of a prison
rising diagonally up and to the right; growing; expanding; soaring
remonstrance; remonstration; admonition; protest; reproof; expostulation
feudal decree; edict by a daimyo
commoner; patriot; humble subject; late Edo period commoner opposition movement (mid-18th century to mid-19th century)
stumbling; failure; misstep; setback
remote island; distant island; punishment by exile to a remote island
to be understood; to be comprehended; to be grasped; to become clear; to be known; to be discovered
to worry about; to be vexed
military science; strategy; tactics
trivial; insignificant; meager; meagre; that little amount; such a small extent
unhulled rice; rice in the husk; paddy; rice husks; chaff
further; farther; furthermore; all the more; even more
everlasting; immortal; eternal; enduring; undying; imperishable
repeatedly; several times; many times
Ansei era (1854.11.27-1860.3.18)
patriotic concern for the future of one's country
spring, summer, autumn (fall) and winter; the four seasons
to cause trouble (for); to have a bad effect (on)
rebellion; great uprising
elegance; grace; festal song (genre of the Shi Jing)
to sow seeds; to sow the seeds of ... (e.g. conflict)
certain evidence; definite evidence
the House of Tokugawa; the Tokugawas
villainous; rascally; knavish; (arch.) independent; (arch.) self-reliant
public affairs; the court; the shogun; the shogunate
Nagato (former province located in the west of present-day Yamaguchi Prefecture)
to walk someone off (e.g. to the police station)
imperial loyalist samurai of the Bakumatsu-era; patriots; idealists willing to sacrifice themselves for the good of the nation
the Tiger (third sign of the Chinese zodiac); hour of the Tiger (around 4am, 3-5am, or 4-6am); east-northeast; first month of the lunar calendar