actual spot; scene (of a crime, accident, etc.); (on) site; (on) the ground; filming location; (movie) set
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
Hyogo prefecture (Kinki area) (Hyougo)
nun; bitch; Amagasaki, Hyogo; Amazon (online retailer)
small peninsula; cape; promontory; headland
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
Osaka-Kobe; Hanshin (company name: railway, dept. store, baseball team, etc.)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
metre; meter; meter; gauge
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
li (one of the trigrams of the I Ching: fire, south)
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
condominium (usu. mid or high-rise); apartment building; apartment house; block of flats; apartment; flat
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to stand in a row (e.g. shops on a street); to line in a row; to line
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
to anyone; to everyone; by anyone; by everyone; in everyone; in anyone
to invade; to raid; to infringe; to encroach; to harm; to afflict
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to reach; to touch; to be delivered; to arrive; to be attentive; to be scrupulous
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
to sink; to go under; to go down (e.g. sun); to set; to feel depressed; to become subdued
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to come unstuck from; to peel off; to come off
to cut; to cut through; to sever (connections, ties); to turn off (e.g. the light); to terminate (e.g. a conversation); to hang up (the phone); to punch (a ticket)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
strong; potent; strong; brawny; good (at); skilled; being able to handle
to stand up; to put up; to thrust into; to bury into; to make (a noise); to start (a rumour); to make
solution; solution strategy
to shake; to waver; to tremble
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during