from now; from the present moment; from this time forward; henceforth
twelve o'clock; midnight; noon
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
river; stream; River; the ... river
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to play (a stringed or keyboard instrument)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
composition; piece of music; tune; melody; enjoyment; fun
to write; to compose; to pen; to draw; to paint
company president; manager; director
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
head; hair (on one's head); mind; brains; leader; chief; top
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
how; in what way; how about
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to draw a conclusion; to conclude; to settle on
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
keyboard (piano, computer, etc.)
to strike; to clap; to play drums; to abuse; to bash; to consult; to sound out
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
weekly publication; weekly magazine
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
other (place, thing, person); the rest; outside; beyond; nothing except; nothing but
journal; magazine; periodical
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
television; TV; TV program; TV programme; TV broadcast
to go uninvited; to call on without an invitation; to barge in on; to throng to; to crowd into; to converge upon
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
wrong; not good; hopeless; past hope; must not do
cruel; heartless; violent; intense; very bad; terrible
mass communication; mass media
immediately; right away; at once; instantly