chairperson (of a committee); chair; chairman; chairwoman; president
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
ability; capability; skill
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
once; before; formerly; never yet; never before; first time
brightness; brilliance; brilliancy; radiance; glitter
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to take back; to get back; to regain; to recover; to restore; to recoup
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
period; time; opportunity; chance; age; term (e.g. in office); session (e.g. of parliament)
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to rise; to swell; to intensify; to increase; to grow stronger; to get higher
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
weekly (publication); weekly magazine; weekly journal
by means of; due to; because of; according to
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
twelve o'clock; midnight; noon
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
as a matter of fact; by the way; to tell you the truth; to be honest; frankly; actually
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
in that way; thus; so; the same; so?
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
to confide; to reveal; to disclose; to lay bare; to speak frankly; to open (one's heart)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
man; male; masculine gender
association; socializing; socialising; fellowship
to play with (a toy, one's hair, etc.); to fiddle with; to toy with (another's emotions, etc.); to trifle with; to do with something as one pleases; to appreciate
after (a long process); at the end of; last line (of a renga)
to throw away; to cast away; to abandon; to desert; to give up; to resign
breaking up (a meeting, gathering, etc.); dispersal (e.g. of a crowd); dissolution (of a company, organization, etc.); winding-up; dissolution (of the Diet, Parliament, etc.)
crisis; critical situation; emergency; pinch
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to herd; to drive; to corner; to force someone into doing; to go hard; to push yourself
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
enough; sufficient; sufficiently; fully; division into ten
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
irony; sarcasm; unexpected; different from what one expected; (only) surface; something superficial
it is, isn't it?; I know, right?; innit?
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
for the first time; only after ... is it ...; only when ... do you ...; first time; (one's) first
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
important; significant; precious; valuable; careful