one child; only child; one of several children (esp. the son and heir); one stone (in the game of go)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indeed; really; absolutely; truly; actually; very
more and more; all the more; at last; finally; (at the) last moment; worst possible time
to come alive; to get going; to start to move
cheers; bottoms-up; toast; drink (in celebration or in honor of something); drinking one's glass dry
all present; all concerned; all of us
rebirth; new birth; nascent
roadside tree; row of trees
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...
in this way; thus; such; uh...
new; novel; fresh; recent; latest; up-to-date
wind; breeze; manner; behaviour; cold; influenza
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to boil up; to come to the boil; to arise; to break out; to get excited; to be in uproar
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to fit into (a box, frame, category, etc.); to be contained within; to settle down (into); to be installed (in one's rightful place); to settle into (one's position); to take up (a post)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
Liao (dynasty, 916-1125 CE); Khitan Empire
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
to teach; to instruct; to tell; to inform; to preach
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
one-by-one; separately; every single; each and every; without omission
to convey; to report; to transmit; to communicate; to tell; to impart
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
I wonder; do you think?; I might; some kind; some stage; somehow
to believe; to believe in; to place trust in; to confide in; to have faith in
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
but (still); and yet; nevertheless; even so; notwithstanding
to weigh on one's mind; to bother one; to be interested (in); to be curious (about); to feel like (doing); to feel inclined to
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
disliked; hated; tendency; smack (of); distinction; discrimination
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
question (e.g. on a test); problem; problem (e.g. societal, political); question; question (i.e. doubt); public discussion
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?