two persons; two people; pair; couple
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
one child; only child; one of several children (esp. the son and heir); one stone (in the game of go)
to laugh; to smile; to sneer; to ridicule; to be dumbfounded; to be flabbergasted
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to like; to be pleased with; to be delighted with; to take a liking to; to suit one's fancy
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
very; greatly; immense; enormous; serious; grave
and yet; despite this; but even so; but even then; however; nevertheless
suffix for familiar person
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
being in charge (of an area of responsibility); being responsible (for a work role, etc.)
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
love; affection; attachment; craving; agape; Ireland
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
person's origin (e.g. city, country, parentage, school)
(exaggerated) professing to be; passing oneself off as
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
all present; all concerned; all of us
one (esp. of two); the other; on the one hand; on the other hand; whereas; although
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to engage (with); to be in gear (with); to bite each other; to be on the same wavelength
or rather (say); or better (say); or perhaps I should say; or, how should I put it; I mean
sweet (e.g. young girls, flowers blooming); touchingly lovely; cute; pitiful; pitiable
Liao (dynasty, 916-1125 CE); Khitan Empire