indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
the whole area; all areas
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
thick; deep; kind; cordial; abundant
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to cover; to hide; to conceal; to wrap; to disguise
nationwide; countrywide; national; throughout the country
cold (e.g. weather); uninteresting (esp. joke); lame; dull
one day; all day (long); throughout the day; first day of the month
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
low (atmospheric) pressure; low-pressure system; depression; bad temper; foul mood; tense situation
as is; as it is; as things are; like this; this way; at this rate
region south of Tokyo on Pacific Ocean side of Japan; eastern sea; East Sea (Korean name for Sea of Japan)
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to advance; to go forward; to precede; to go ahead (of); to make progress; to improve; to deepen
Kanto; region consisting of Tokyo and surrounding prefectures; Kanto; north-eastern half of Japan (during the feudal era)
carapace; shell; 1st in rank; grade A; instep; back of hand
honesty; sincerity; trust; reliance; (religious) faith; devotion
district; region; the country; countryside; civilian society
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
by means of; due to; because of; according to
to fall (of rain, snow, ash, etc.); to come down; to form (of frost); to beam down (of sunlight or moonlight); to pour in; to visit (of luck, misfortune, etc.)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
emergency; extraordinary; unusual
instability; insecurity; crankiness
movement; move; motion; trend; development; change
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to descend (e.g. a mountain); to go down; to alight (e.g. from bus); to get off; to step down; to retire; to be granted
Saitama (city, prefecture)
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
department (in an organization); division; club; part; component; category
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
to flicker; to glimmer; to flit; to fall lightly (snow, rain)
hope; promise; expectation; anticipation; side of a structural member