indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
name; given name; title; fame; renown; pretext
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
once; before; formerly; never yet; never before; first time
Cabinet Information Research Office
special; particular; peculiar; unique
lesson; section (in an organization); division; counter for lessons and chapters (of a book)
secret; secrecy; mystery; secret (e.g. to success); esoteric teachings
intelligence operative; spy
now; the present time; just now; another; more
quite; very; 10^48; quindecillion
normal; ordinary; normally; ordinarily; local train; train that stops at every station
housewife; mistress (of the house); homemaker
housework; domestic chores; family affairs; household matters
interval; break; pause; gap (between objects); interval; opening
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
sometimes; occasionally; at times; seasonal; of the season; appropriate (for the season or occasion)
darkness; the dark; bewilderment; despair; hidden place; secrecy
handicraft; work; construction; maneuvering; manoeuvring
activity (of a person, organization, animal, volcano, etc.); action; operation; moving picture
medium (size); average (grade, level, etc.); in; within; during; while; currently (doing)
opposite side; bottom; rear; back; lining; inside; in the shadows
face; visage; look; (facial) expression; honor (honour); face; influence
to anyone; to everyone; by anyone; by everyone; in everyone; in anyone
to know; to be aware (of); to sense; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
bad; wrong; must not (do, be); should not; useless; no good; hopeless
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
guest; visitor; customer; client; shopper
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
sorry; excuse me; thank you
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
honorific/polite/humble prefix
seat; location (of a gathering, etc.); place; position; post
guidance; leading (the way); information; notice; announcement (of one's arrival); invitation
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to come; to go; to be (somewhere); to be (doing)
rare; uncommon; new; novel; fine; nice
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become