indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
name; given name; title; fame; renown; pretext
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
once; before; formerly; never yet; never before; first time
Cabinet Information Research Office
special; particular; peculiar; unique
lesson; section (in an organization); division; counter for lessons and chapters (of a book)
secret; secrecy; mystery; secret (e.g. to success); esoteric teachings
intelligence operative; spy
now; the present time; just now; another; more
quite; very; 10^48; quindecillion
normal; ordinary; normally; ordinarily; local train; train that stops at every station
housewife; mistress (of the house); homemaker
housework; domestic chores; family affairs; household matters
interval; break; pause; spare moment
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
sometimes; occasionally; at times; seasonal; of the season; appropriate (for the season or occasion)
darkness; the dark; bewilderment; despair; hidden place; secrecy
handicraft; work; construction; maneuvering; manoeuvering
activity (of a person, organization, animal, volcano, etc.); action; movie (esp. during the silent movie period)
medium; average; moderation; middle school; China; volume two (of three); during (a certain time when one did or is doing something)
opposite side; bottom; rear; back; lining; inside; in the shadows
face; visage; look; expression; honor; honour
to anyone; to everyone; by anyone; by everyone; in everyone; in anyone
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
wrong; not good; hopeless; past hope; must not do
what's the matter?; what's wrong?; what happened (to) ...?; what have you done (with) ...?; where is ...?
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
(not) at all; (not) in the slightest; wholly; entirely; extremely; very
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...
matter causing distress; something causing worry
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
question (e.g. on a test); problem; problem (e.g. societal, political); question; question (i.e. doubt); public discussion
to talk; to speak; to tell; to explain; to speak (a language)
comfort; ease; easy; simple; (economically) comfortable; raku pottery
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed