why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
there; over there; genitals; private parts; that far; that much
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
that sort of; that kind of; like that; such; so
dangerous; risky; in danger; in jeopardy; uncertain; unreliable
company; lot; bunch; troupe; company (of musicians)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to gather; to collect; to assemble
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
recently; lately; these days; nearest; closest
thanks (for coming, helping, etc.); glad you could make it; tiredness; fatigue
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
knock; knocking; fungo hitting; hitting balls for fielding practice
good; excellent; fine; nice; pleasant; agreeable
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
guest; visitor; customer; client; shopper
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
fitness club; gym; health spa
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
naming; nominating; designating; calling on; asking for; requesting
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
two persons; two people; pair; couple
only; just; since; after; remaining (in a particular state)
private room; single (room); room for one; (toilet) stall
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial