Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
bye-bye; good-bye; see you; saying goodbye; parting
spare time; free time; leisure time
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
beginning; outset; first; onset
girl; daughter; baby girl; young woman
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
looking like (someone); taking after (either of one's parents)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
boy; son; baby boy; young man
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
to pull; to tug; to draw (attention, sympathy, etc.); to attract (e.g. interest); to draw back (e.g. one's hand); to draw in (one's chin, stomach, etc.); to draw (a card, mahjong tile, etc.)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
whole life; a lifetime; all through life; (the only, the greatest, etc.) of one's life
to forget; to leave carelessly; to be forgetful of; to forget about; to forget (an article)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to give (as a gift); to present; to confer; to bestow; to award
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
uncle; old man; mister; manybar goatfish (Parupeneus multifasciatus)
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
to raise; to elevate; to do up (one's hair); to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to land (a boat); to show someone (into a room)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
resistance; opposition; reluctance; repulsion; resistance; drag
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
room; chamber; apartment; flat; stable
to hardly recognise; to mistake for something or somebody else
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
pretty; lovely; clean; clear; completely; entirely
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
concentration; focusing; convergence; within a collection of works
environment; circumstance