indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
medium; average; moderation; middle school; China; volume two (of three); during (a certain time when one did or is doing something)
to tidy up; to put in order; to settle (problem); to clear (dispute); to finish; to bring something to an end
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
person of importance; a somebody; absolutely; certainly; to be sure
(one's) superior; (one's) boss; the higher-ups
myself; yourself; I; me; you
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
to return; to come home; to leave; to get home; to get to home plate
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
please; kindly; by all means; certainly; here you are; to give
before; previously; ahead; Pardon me for leaving (before you)
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
excuse me; pardon me; I'm sorry; thank you
come; come now; well; who knows; well now; let's see
how many years; how long; what year
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
particle indicating that the speaker is trying to recall some information
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to be silent; to say nothing
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
to be heard; to be audible; to be said to be; to be reputed
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
one who knows little often repeats it
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
promptly; immediately; quickly; indifferently
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to sound; to ring; to resound; to echo; to roar; to rumble