aroma; fragrance; scent; smell
something; something or other; so-and-so; somehow; anyhow; one way or another
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
transactions; dealings; business
end; close; finish; end of play (in go)
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
severe; strict; hard (to do); difficult; intense (e.g. cold); harsh (weather)
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
at least; at most; (even) just
still; much more; (not) yet; still a long way to go; still a long way off; not there yet
personnel expenses; labor cost; labour cost; indirect labour costs; indirect labor costs
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
just barely; only just; at the very limit; at the last moment
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
any more; any further; any better; any longer
zeal; enthusiasm; ardor; ardour
to be handed down; to be introduced; to be transmitted; to be circulated; to go along; to walk along
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
hm; um; huh?; what?; nuh-uh; no
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
slowly; quietly; steadily; soon; momentarily; before long
business discussion; negotiation
time; hour; period; class
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
cheers; bottoms-up; toast; drink (in celebration or in honor of something); drinking one's glass dry
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
what's the matter?; what's wrong?
abruptly; suddenly; all of a sudden; without warning
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays