wall with exposed timber pillars
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
to talk; to speak; to tell; to explain; to speak (a language)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
promise; agreement; convention; rule; destiny; fate
to tear; to rip; to break through (cordon, opponent's defense, etc.); to breach; to defeat; to beat; to break (e.g. silence)
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to send (a thing); to dispatch; to take or escort (a person somewhere); to see off (a person); to bid farewell (to the departed); to bury; to spend (time)
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
alone; by oneself; on one's own
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
oscillation; vibration; swing (e.g. of a pendulum)
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
hello (e.g. on phone); excuse me! (when calling out to someone)
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
bang; bam; noontime signal gun (carried out early Meiji to Taishō); noon gun; last round in a game of 12 rounds; precisely
approximately; about; to (about) the extent that; (almost) enough that; as ... as ...; like
hospital; clinic; doctor's office; doctor's surgery; infirmary
telephone call; phone call; telephone (device); phone
is that so? (generally rhetorical)
immediately; at once; soon; before long; easily; readily
to return; to come home; to leave; to get home; to get to home plate
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
heat; fever; temperature; zeal; passion
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish
no!; no no!; no, not at all
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
worry; concern; anxiety; care; help; aid