Tenshō era (1573.7.28-1592.12.8)
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
June; sixth month of the lunar calendar
second day of the month; two days
generation; lifetime; age
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
lucky adventurer; adventurer who takes advantage of troubled times; soldier of fortune
Oda Nobunaga (1534-1582.6.21)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
in; on; at (place); as for; regarding
disturbance; trouble; ups and downs
to die (of a person); to have one's life come to a close
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to destroy; to overthrow; to wreck; to ruin
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
(a) little; (a) few; slight; only; just; merely
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to burn; to roast; to broil; to heat; to heat up; to make (charcoal, pottery, bricks, etc.); to bake
sagacity; wisdom; intelligence
army; armed forces; military authorities; team; group
straight (from one place to another); going right onto; on the way; simultaneously; incidentally; directly
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
castle (in place names); castle; fortress
to attack; to assail; to succeed (someone in a post, role, etc.); to make a sudden visit
(with) great vigour (from the way splitting bamboo goes all down the stick); irresistible force
to boast of; to be proud of; to take pride in
all over Japan; throughout Japan
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
name; given name; title; fame; renown; pretext
to roar; to reverberate; to be well-known; to be famous; to palpitate; to throb
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
abrupt; sudden; unexpected
to disappear; to vanish; to go out (of a fire, light, etc.); to die; to fade (of a feeling, impression, etc.); to vanish (e.g. of hope); to go away (e.g. of a smell, itchiness, sleepiness)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
together with; as X, then Y (e.g. as we age we gain wisdom, as wine matures it becomes more valuable, etc.)
imperial capital (esp. Kyoto); final word of an iroha poem; 10^16; 10,000,000,000,000,000
to face; to go towards; to head towards
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question