something; some; somehow; for some reason; (is there) something (you want, etc.)
indicates supposition; if ... then; when; (typically after someone's name) indicates exasperation
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to wave; to shake; to sprinkle; to throw (dice); to cast (actor); to allocate (work); to turn down (somebody)
to give; to confer; to bestow; to kindly do for one; to oblige; to favour
immediately; right away; at once; instantly
to go; to come; to be defeated; to collapse; to be annoyed; to be nonplussed
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
unhurriedly; leisurely; slowly; relaxedly; taking one's time
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
holiday; day off; sleep; rest; Good night
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
that kind of; of the sort; of the kind; such
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
old age; age; old people; (arch.) I; (arch.) me; (arch.) my humble self
great numbers (of people); numerical superiority; masses; people; folk; clique
magistrate; shogunate administrator
how; in what way; how about; questionable
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
concerning; regarding; per (e.g. 100 yen per person); for every
taikō (esp. Toyotomi Hideyoshi); title for a regent, later for the grand chancellor, also for the father of an Imperial adviser (advisor) who passed the role to his son
your Highness; his Highness; her Highness
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to decide; to choose; to clinch (a victory); to decide (the outcome of a match); to persist in doing; to go through with; to always do
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
to cut into (a conversation); to interject
intention; plan; belief; assumption; estimate; estimation
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
question (e.g. on a test); problem; problem (e.g. societal, political); question; question (i.e. doubt); public discussion
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
offence; offense; hindrance
to remove; to take off; to drop (e.g. from a team); to remove (from a position); to leave (e.g. one's seat); to go away from
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to hold back others from achieving success; to stand in the way of; to sabotage
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to