pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
honorific/polite/humble prefix
long (time that has passed); old (story)
draining basket (traditionally made of bamboo); colander; something full of holes; zaru soba; strong drinker; someone who can drink like a fish
come; come now; well; who knows; well now; let's see
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
after having come this far; now that we've come this far
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
smallness; small item; short month (i.e. having fewer than 31 days); elementary school; smaller (of two things, places, etc. with the same name); inferior; younger (of two people with the same name)
original; primitive; primary; fundamental; raw
castle (in place names); castle; fortress
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
big; large; loud; extensive; spacious; important
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
to lose one's way; to get lost; to waver; to hesitate; to give into temptation; to lose control of oneself
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to run to; to come running; to rush (someplace); to hasten
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
face; visage; look; expression; honor; honour
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
(common) soldier; rank and file; army; troops; warfare; strategy
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to shake off; to shake free from; to swing completely (bat, club, etc.); to take a full swing; to break off from (pursuer); to pull away
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
to be surprised; to be astonished
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
secret; private; surreptitious
negotiations; bargaining; talks; making demands
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to hear; to hear by chance; to hear by accident; to catch (the sound)