pleasant smell; aroma; fragrance; pleasant-smelling vegetation
pine tree (Pinus spp.); highest (of a three-tier ranking system)
from the standpoint of; as a matter of (e.g. fact); aboard (a ship or vehicle); on top of; first volume (e.g. book); superior quality; best
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
above; up; top; summit; surface; before; previous
in this way; thus; such; uh...
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
to live; to get along; to spend (time)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to put; to place; to leave (behind); to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up; to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire
to finish; to end; to merely result in something less severe than expected; to feel at ease; to feel unease or guilt for troubling someone; to be sorry
hand; arm; handwriting; penmanship; 'shake' (command to have a dog place its paw in your hand)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to raise; to elevate; to do up (one's hair); to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to land (a boat); to show someone (into a room)
to give; to confer; to bestow; to kindly do for one; to oblige; to favour
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to bow; to bow one's head; to apologize; to apologise; to bow to; to yield to
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to hang; to suspend; to lower; to reduce; to demote; to move back
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
even if; no matter (what); if; though; although; supposing
divorce; dissolution of adoption
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
even if ...; even supposing that ...; also as ...; also for ...; also from the position of ...
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
to obey respectfully; to humble oneself; to sit straight (upright, respectfully, attentively)
to be surprised; to be astonished
to get angry; to get mad; to tell someone off; to scold; to be angular; to be square
will not do; do not; does not
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
surprise; astonishment; wonder; amazement
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
thinking; thought; idea; notion; intention; plan
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
to be worried; to be troubled