indeed; really; absolutely; truly; actually; very
that way; that direction; there; that (one); you; your family
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
father (esp. used in samurai families prior to the Meiji period)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
day of month; counter for days
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to forget; to leave carelessly; to be forgetful of; to forget about; to forget (an article)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
please (give me); please (do for me)
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
after (practically) no time; immediately after; just; having no time to
to give birth; to bear (child); to lay (eggs); to produce; to yield; to give rise to
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
have no relation to; have no luck with; not be fated to
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to tie; to bind; to bear (fruit); to close (e.g. deal); to confirm; to connect (two distant places); to close tightly
about; roughly; generally; on the whole; completely; quite
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
passage (of time); elapsing; progress; development; transit
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
first generation; founder
chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium)
water and moon; the Moon reflected on the water; pit of the stomach; solar plexus
work (e.g. of art); production; harvest; cultivation; technique
water (esp. cool, fresh water, e.g. drinking water); fluid (esp. in an animal tissue); liquid; flood; floodwaters; water offered to wrestlers just prior to a bout
nothing; naught; nought; un-; non-
shallows; shoal; rapids; current; position; place
island; one's territory (e.g. of a sex worker, organized crime gang); one's turf
Japanese box tree (Buxus microphylla var. japonica); Japanese boxwood
root (of a plant); root (of a tooth, hair, etc.); center (of a pimple, etc.); root (of all evil, etc.); source; one's true nature
to pile up; to heap up; to stir up; to enliven; to bring to a climax
piece (in shogi, chess, etc.); (arch.) horse; (arch.) foal; bridge (of a violin, etc.)
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker