indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (is there) something (you want, etc.)
to shout; to cry; to scream; to clamor (for or against); to clamour (for or against)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
above; up; top; summit; surface; before; previous
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
dark; gloomy; depressed; dispirited; dark (in colour); dull; ill-boding
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to succeed; to relieve; to take the place of; to substitute for; to be exchanged; to change (places with)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
noon; midday; daytime; lunch
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
to be able (to); to be possible (to)
light; well-lit; bright (of a colour); brightly-coloured; cheerful; bright; encouraging (for the future of a project, etc.)
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
enough; sufficient; sufficiently; fully; division into ten
to ascend; to go up; to ascend (as a natural process, e.g. the Sun); to rise; to go to (the capital); to be promoted; to add up to
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to stop (an activity); to cease; to discontinue; to cancel; to abandon; to give up
single; solo; solitary; just one; only one
ear (of a cereal plant); head; point (of a brush, spear, etc.); tip; crest (of a wave); scion (in grafting)
spurious article; forgery; counterfeit; imitation; sham
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
road; path; route; way; distance; journey; road (e.g. to victory)