indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
to teach; to instruct; to tell; to inform; to preach
to receive; to take; to get someone to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow
illness (usu. excluding minor ailments, e.g. common cold); disease; bad habit; bad behaviour; crazy; insane
to throw out; to drop; to toss; to abandon; to neglect; to dismiss
prison; jail; gaol; penitentiary
to enter; to come in; to join (a club, company, etc.); to enter (a university, the army, etc.); to be contained (in); to be included (in); to (be able to) fit (in a container, building, etc.)
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
wanting (to have); desiring; wishing for; I want (you, them, etc.) to (do)
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
good luck; fortune; happiness; harvest; yield
mother; mom; wife; you (of an elderly person older than the speaker); she
you; before (a god, nobleman, etc.); in front of
dad; daddy; papa; pa; pop
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
he; she; that guy; that; that one; that thing
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to be caught; to be arrested; to hold on to; to grasp; to find (e.g. proof); to get (e.g. a taxi)
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
immediately; right away; at once; instantly
another place; some other place; another (person or thing); other; beyond (one's expectations, imagination, etc.); outside
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
moreover; furthermore; nevertheless; and yet
brat; kid; urchin; preta; hungry ghost
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
child; kid; (one's) child; offspring; young woman; young (animal); offshoot
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience