sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
beloved child; dear child
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
variety; kind; type; counter for kinds, species, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to recognize by sound (recognise); to identify by sound; to understand; to be reasonable
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
demand; firm request; requisition; requirement; desire
distinction; discrimination; distinguishing; discernment
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
sleepy; drowsy; somnolent
to get tired; to tire; to become worn out (of a well-used object); (arch.) to starve
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
displeasure; discomfort; unpleasantness; indisposition; ailment
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
change; alteration; substitute; rate of exchange
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
amount necessary to fill a container (e.g. cupful, spoonful, etc.); drink (usu. alcoholic); full; one squid, octopus, crab, etc.; one boat; fully; to capacity
to collect; to gather; to save; to accumulate; to pile up
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to become less crowded; to thin out; to get empty; to be hungry
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
to replace; to exchange; to interchange; to substitute
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
how; in what way; how about
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?