first generation; founder
paying an unannounced visit; rudeness
tradition; legend; folklore
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
ninja; person trained in ninjutsu and employed for covert purposes in feudal Japan
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
name; given name; title; fame; renown; pretext
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
princess; daughter of a nobleman
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
because ...; for ...; the reason being ...; as for ...; when it comes to ...; regarding ...
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
both (hands, parents, sides, etc.); counter for carriages (e.g. in a train); counter for vehicles; ryō; tael; ryō; pre-Meiji unit of currency, orig. the value of one ryō of gold
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
contrivance; managing (to raise money); one's financial condition
as it is; as one likes; because; condition; state
alone; unaided; away from home
to board; to embark on; to get into (a car); to march into; to enter
to rescue from; to help out of; to save
in order to; for the purpose of; must; should
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
being very active; being very useful; playing a very active part; making a spectacular showing; great efforts; splendid work
living; life (one's daily existence); livelihood
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to gasp; to pant; to breathe hard; to suffer; to struggle
evil deed; wrongdoing; crime; misfortune; calamity
to reach; to amount to; to be up to the task; to come up to; to compare with; to be a match (for)
ronin; masterless samurai
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
safety; security; safely; without incident; good health; inaction
honorific/polite/humble prefix
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
strife; riot; (media) uproar; brouhaha; feud; tussle
feudal domain (Edo and early Meiji periods, precursor to current prefectures); fiefdom; province
to disrupt; to ruin; to hinder; to thwart