indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to write; to compose; to pen; to draw; to paint
to put; to place; to leave (behind); to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up; to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
hello (e.g. on phone); excuse me! (when calling out to someone)
expressly; especially; taking the trouble (to do); intentionally; deliberately
excuse me; pardon me; I'm sorry; thank you
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
cat (esp. the domestic cat, Felis catus); shamisen; geisha; wheelbarrow; clay bed-warmer; bottom; submissive partner of a homosexual relationship
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
to clear up; to clear away; to refresh (e.g. spirits); to be cleared (e.g. of a suspicion); to be dispelled; to be banished
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to bring; to take (something) along; to fetch; to get
guidance; leading (the way); information; notice; announcement (of one's arrival); invitation
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
please; kindly; by all means; certainly; here you are; to give
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
to sit; to squat; to assume (a position); to hold steady; to hold still
please (give me); please (do for me)
now; the present time; just now; another; more
tea (usu. green); tea break (at work); tea ceremony
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
(not) particularly; (not) especially; (not) specially; separately; apart; additionally
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
I'm sorry; my apologies; excuse me; pardon me
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
sudden; abrupt; urgent; pressing; steep; sharp; rapid
that child; that kid; that boy; (arch.) you
end; conclusion; last; final; no sooner than; once
how; in what way; how about
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such