indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
scary; frightening; eerie; dreadful
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
alone; by oneself; on one's own
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
home delivery (of food); outside catering
request; favour (to ask); wish; please
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
to work; to labor; to function; to operate; to commit (e.g. a crime); to perpetrate
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
cat (esp. the domestic cat, Felis catus); shamisen; geisha; wheelbarrow; clay bed-warmer; bottom; submissive partner of a homosexual relationship
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
thank you for your hard work; I appreciate your efforts
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
warm; mild; considerate; kind; warm (of a colour); mellow
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
here I am; I'm home!; presently; right away; right now
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
to smell; to smell of; to have a smell
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
polished rice; (uncooked) white rice
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
small dish (usu. one of several accompanying rice); side dish; fill; fill-in (drumming); jack-off material; something to masturbate to
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
double; twice (as much); times (as much); -fold; 1-nth; 1 to n
to have an acute sense of smell; to have a good nose (for bargains, something amiss, etc.); to have a keen nose; to have an ability to quickly uncover things