surgery; operation; procedure; skill with one's hands; sleight of hand
inspection (e.g. customs, factory); examination; test; check; scan (e.g. MRI, PET); audit
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
laparotomy (abdominal surgery)
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
unreasonable; unnatural; impossible; forcible; forced; excessive (work, etc.); immoderate
as you see; as you can see
very small; tiny; insignificant
abundant; plentiful; rich; wealthy; open (mind); relaxed
town; block; street; road; chō (unit of length, approx. 109.09 m); chō (unit of land area, approx. 0.99 hectares)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
I; me; you; (arch.) manservant
university; college; former imperial university of Japan (established under the ritsuryō system for the training of government administrators); the Great Learning (one of the Four Books)
junior (at work, school, etc.); younger people; younger student
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
at last; finally; barely; narrowly; just
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
large; big; great; prominent; -sized; as big as; university
banzai; hurray; something to cheer about; something worthy of celebration; giving up; throwing one's hands up
that child; that kid; that boy; (arch.) you
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to give; to confer; to bestow; to kindly do for one; to oblige; to favour
he; she; that guy; that; that one; that thing
so; therefore; accordingly; consequently; on those grounds; that is why
below; down; bottom; beneath; underneath; just after; right after
daughter; girl (i.e. a young, unmarried woman)
number one; first; best; most; game; round
to become attached (to); to take (to); to become affectionate (with); to be tamed; to get close (e.g. to someone emotionally); to become intimate (with)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
ordinary; common; free of charge; free; unaffected; as is
three years; third school year (e.g. of high school)