(metropolitan) prefecture (of Osaka and Kyoto); the centre or seat (of) (center); (government) office; fu; historical administrative unit in China, Korea and Vietnam
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
(United States of) America; United States; US; America (land mass); the Americas
government; administration
or; either ... or; maybe; perhaps; some ... and others ...; sometimes ... and at other times ...
(hard) candy; toffee; rice-sugar; sugar made from the starch of rice, potatoes, etc.; amber; yellowish-brown
science (inc. mathematics, medicine, etc.); natural science; science department (university); science course; science (as a school subject)
army; armed forces; military authorities; team; group
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
how; in what way; how about
to be opposite; to face each other; to confront (an issue); to face
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
correspondence (to); equivalence; suitability; coordination; dealing with; coping with
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to ask; to inquire; to blame (someone) for; to accuse of; to care about; to regard as important
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
thought; imagination; mind; desire; wish; love
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
excursion; field trip; school trip
point; tip; head (of a line); front; first; before; (the way) ahead
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
little girl; maiden; young lady; (arch.) female between 17 and 20 years old (ritsuryo period)
to disappear; to vanish; to go out (of a fire, light, etc.); to die; to fade (of a feeling, impression, etc.); to vanish (e.g. of hope); to go away (e.g. of a smell, itchiness, sleepiness)
recollection; retrospection; reflection; reminiscence
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
Nagato (former province located in the west of present-day Yamaguchi Prefecture)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to reach; to touch; to be delivered; to arrive; to be attentive; to be scrupulous
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
isn't it?; let's ...; why don't we ...; how about we ...
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
Japanese person; Japanese people
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
Arabian jasmine (Jasminum sambac)