indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
mackerel (esp. the chub mackerel, Scomber japonicus); server (in an online game)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
flower; blossom; cherry blossom; beauty; blooming (esp. of cherry blossoms); ikebana; hanafuda
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
in that way; thus; so; so?
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
now; the present time; just now; another; more
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly