indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
that sort of; that kind of; like that; such; so
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
by no means; never!; something unexpected; emergency; (arch.) currently; (arch.) for the time being
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
confession; acknowledgement; confession of love; professing one's feelings; confession of sins (e.g. the confessional)
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
that is to say; that is; in short; in brief; clogging; obstruction; shrinkage
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
conclusion; resolution; gathering and bundling; convergence; focusing (e.g. light); convergence
nature (of a person); sex; gender; sex (i.e. sexual attraction, activity, etc.); gender; -ty
potentiality; likelihood; possibility; availability
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
analysis; analytical study; parsing; parse
let me see; well; errr ...; uhh ...
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
white stone; white (go pieces)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
in that way; thus; so; so?
basis; foundation; grounds; authority