Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
Edo (shogunate capital; former name of Tokyo); Yedo
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
master (of a house, shop, etc.); husband; sir; boss; patron of a mistress, geisha, bar or nightclub hostess; sugar daddy
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
mind; heart; spirit; the meaning of a phrase (riddle, etc.)
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to warm (up); to heat (up); to sit on (an idea, plan, etc.); to keep to oneself; to renew (an old friendship); to take for oneself
to raise; to elevate; to move something (to a higher place); to put onto (e.g. a shelf); to increase (price, quality, status, etc.); to raise (a wage); to show someone (into a room)
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
warm; mild; considerate; kind; warm (of a colour); mellow
torii (Shinto shrine archway)
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to associate with; to keep company with; to go out with; to go along with; to follow someone's lead; to accompany someone
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
now; the present time; just now; another; more
liking; being fond of; liking (romantically); being in love with; faddism; eccentricity
chic; smart; understanding; considerate; familiar with worldly pleasures (esp. sexual relations, geisha districts and red-light districts)
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to stop; to turn off; to park; to prevent; to suppress (a cough); to stop (someone from doing something); to dissuade
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
why; how; for what reason
to get angry; to get mad; to lose one's temper; to scold; to tell (someone) off
Mr; master; Ms; miss; (arch.) sir; (arch.) madam
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to take; to pick up; to pass; to hand; to get; to obtain; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.)
please (give me); please (do for me)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to be needed; to be necessary; to be required; to be wanted; to need; to want
fight; dispute; feud; competition; contest; rivalry
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.