Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
Edo (shogunate capital, now Tokyo); Yedo
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
warm; mild; considerate; kind; warm (of a colour); mellow
torii; Shinto shrine archway
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to associate with; to keep company with; to go out with; to go along with; to follow someone's lead; to accompany someone
that child; that kid; that boy; (arch.) you
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to like; to love; to be fond of
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to put; to place; to leave (behind); to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up; to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to be in full bloom; to blossom in full glory; to be in fullness of bloom
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to decide; to choose; to clinch (a victory); to decide (the outcome of a match); to persist in doing; to go through with; to always do
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
(what) the heck; (why) in the world; one object; one body; one form; one style
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
really; truly; indeed; good grief
spring day; spring sunlight
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
how much; how many; however (much); no matter how; what matters is ...; it all comes down to ...
to stick up (hair, etc.); to stand up straight; to stand up abruptly; to jump to one's feet; to stand in one place, doing nothing in particular; to stand around
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
easy; simple; there's no way that ...
rumour; rumor; report; hearsay; gossip; common talk
(non-documentary) television series; TV drama; teledrama; drama; dramatic incident; spectacle
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?