light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
cruel; brutal; ruthless; merciless; inhuman
to be hit; to strike; to touch; to be in contact; to be equivalent to; to be applicable; to be right on the money (of a prediction, criticism, etc.)
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
to shine; to glitter; to sparkle
to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to come
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
once; for a short time; briefly; (arch.) one morning
to be disconnected; to get out of place; to miss the mark; to get it wrong (e.g. guess, expectation); to be removed; to be excluded
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
even; (if) only; just; besides; on top of that
to recognize; to recognise; to deem; to judge; to approve; to deem acceptable; to admit
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
discourtesy; impoliteness; excuse me; goodbye; to leave; to be rude
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
(a) little; (a) few; slight; only; just; merely
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
to cause someone's death; to cause someone to die; to kill
what kind of; what sort of; what; no matter what (kind of); whatever; any
scientific crime detection; forensic investigation
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
definitely; absolutely; absolute; unconditional; absoluteness
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
detection; sense (e.g. sensor)
moreover; furthermore; nevertheless; and yet
effect; virtue; efficacy; impression
24 hours; twenty-four hours
to appear; to come in sight; to become visible; to be expressed (e.g. emotions); to become apparent (e.g. trends, effects)
promise; agreement; convention; rule; destiny; fate
ultimate; final; last; eventual
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
third month of the lunar calendar; (arch.) thick growth (of grass, etc.); Yayoi period (ca. 300 BCE-300 CE); Yayoi culture
promptly; immediately; quickly; indifferently