what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
companion; partner; other party; addressee; opponent (sports, etc.)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
sound argument; fair argument; just reasoning
only; merely; approximately; about; just (finished, etc.); as if to; (as though) about to
to vomit; to throw up; to emit; to send forth; to give (an opinion); to make (a comment)
I; me; oneself; (arch.) you; (arch.) prefix indicating familiarity or contempt
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to continue; to keep up; to keep on
to know; to understand; to be aware of; to consent; to agree
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
people; citizens; subjects; folk
(arch.) office; (arch.) official; chief; head; (Yaeyama Islands in Okinawa) person (usually a woman) whose duty it is to officiate at religions ceremonies
(metropolitan) prefecture (of Osaka and Kyoto); the centre or seat (of) (center); (government) office; fu; historical administrative unit in China, Korea and Vietnam
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
power; authority; jurisdiction
how; in what way; how about
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
hit; success; guess; prediction; affability; friendliness; sensation
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
origin; source; exit; point of departure; time to take action
worry; concern; anxiety; care; help; aid
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial