severe; intense; awe-inspiring; biting; bitter (cold); piercing
child (esp. a boy); viscount; founder of a school of thought (esp. Confucius); master; masters and philosophers (categorization of Chinese classical literature); (arch.) you; -er (i.e. man who spends all his time doing...)
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
spring; springtime; New Year; prime (of life); height (of one's prosperity); adolescence
suffix for familiar person
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
older sister; elder sister; young lady; miss; ma'am; older girl
story; tale; talk; discussion
to ask; to inquire; to implore (a god for an oracle); to seek direction (from your superior); to visit; to speak to (a large crowd at a theatre, etc.)
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
happy; glad; pleased; joyful; delightful; gratifying
thank you; thanks; much (thanks); very (sorry); quite; really; somehow
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
now; the present time; just now; another; more
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
to fish; to angle; to catch; to lure in; to tempt; to attract
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to succeed (a person, to a position, etc.); to inherit; to patch (clothes); to mend; to add (e.g. charcoal to the fire); to replenish with
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to permit; to allow; to forgive; to pardon; to exempt (someone) from; to remit; to acknowledge
father; dad; husband; you; he
diligently; seriously; perfectly; properly; sufficiently; satisfactorily
order; sequence; procedure
to step on; to tread on; to set foot on (e.g. foreign soil); to stand on; to experience; to undergo; to follow (rules, principles, etc.)
to rise; to go up; to enter (esp. from outdoors); to come in; to enter (a school); to advance to the next grade; to get out (of water)