indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
brave warrior; hero; brave man
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
event; affair; incident; case; plot; trouble
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
senior (at work or school); superior; elder; older graduate; progenitor; old-timer
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
orchid; Netherlands; Holland
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
suffix for familiar person
host (of a party, summit, etc.); host (of male host club)
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
honorific/polite/humble prefix
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?